A Comprehensive Guide to Understanding and Managing Osteoarthritis – Part One

Demystifying Osteoarthritis: Causes and Risk Factors

Introduction:
Osteoarthritis, often referred to as “wear-and-tear”, is a common condition that affects millions worldwide. In this blog, we embark on a journey through the intricate landscape of osteoarthritis, unravelling its causes, symptoms, and, most importantly, exploring effective management strategies.

Whilst the exact cause of Osteoarthritis is not always clear, there are several factors that may contribute to its development, and there is a complex interplay between systemic (affecting the entire body) and local factors (affecting a specific joint). Understanding these causes is crucial for both prevention and effective management.

Some of the key contributors to the development of osteoarthritis are as follows:

Aging:

Aging is a primary risk factor for osteoarthritis. As we get older, we experience age related changes to cartilage (the strong, flexible connective tissue that protects your joints and bones), along with a gradual loss of joint lubrication. As we age, we also may lose muscle mass, and gain fat, which could contribute to the progression of osteoarthritis due to the changes in loading our joints. It is unusual to find people over the age of 65, without some osteoarthritic changes in one or more joints, although it is important to note that these age-related changes do not always correlate with symptoms and there is a lot you can do to slow down the progression of osteoarthritis.

Joint Overuse or Injury:

Previous joint injuries, especially those involving the cartilage, ligaments, or meniscus, can increase the likelihood of developing osteoarthritis. Repetitive use or excessive stress on a joint, often seen in certain occupations or sports activities, can also contribute.

Genetics:

There is evidence that genetics play a role in the development of osteoarthritis. If your parents or siblings have osteoarthritis, you may be more predisposed to the condition.

Obesity:

Excess body weight puts additional load on weight-bearing joints, such as the knees and hips, which can contribute to degenerative changes in joint cartilage. In addition, fat is chemically active and constantly releases inflammation-causing proteins, causing low grade inflammation throughout the whole body, including your joints. The increased mechanical load on cartilage and bone prompts the release of more chemicals that cause destruction of the joint.

Research has shown that a weight loss of 10-20% of body weight over 18 months in older adults has been shown to significantly reduce knee joint load, improving pain, function, and a better quality of life. The reduction in body fat also reduces systemic (body wide) inflammation and it has been shown to slow or even stop the progression of osteoarthritis.

Metabolic Factors:

Certain metabolic factors, such as diabetes or hormonal imbalances, may influence the development of osteoarthritis. These factors can impact the health of joint tissues.

Other Health Conditions or joint infections:

Some health conditions, like rheumatoid arthritis or gout, can increase the risk of developing osteoarthritis. These conditions may cause inflammation that affects the joint structures. Infections in the joint or chronic inflammatory conditions can lead to joint damage and contribute to the development of osteoarthritis over time. Conditions that cause joint misalignment or instability, such as congenital joint abnormalities or developmental disorders, can lead to uneven wear on the joint surfaces and contribute to osteoarthritis.

We are all unique:

It’s important to note that osteoarthritis often results from a combination of these factors, and individual experiences can vary. While some risk factors like age and genetics are beyond control, lifestyle modifications, maintaining a healthy weight, keeping active, strong, and mobile and managing joint injuries can significantly reduce the risk or slow the progression of osteoarthritis. If you suspect you have osteoarthritis or are at risk, we would love to help you.

Book a New Patient Osteopathy appointment with One Health Osteopathy Clinic and we will provide a comprehensive assessment and personalised management plan to help you to slow the progression of osteoarthritis, helping you to lead an active, fulfilled life doing the things you love.
Look out for our next blog on recognising the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis.

Author: Jess Brown, Osteopath and Co-Owner One Health